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Antibiotics
Type
Drug
Common Uses
Side Effects
Aminoglycosides
Amikacin Gentamicin Kanamycin Neomycin Netilmicin Streptomycin Tobramycin
Infections caused by gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella
Hearing loss Dizziness Kidney damage
Carbecephem
Loracarbef
Carbapenems
Ertapenem Imipenem/ cilastatin Meropenem
Gangrene, sepsis, pneumonia, abdominal and urinary infections, and (except for ertapenem)Pseudomonas infections
Seizures Confusion
Cephalosporins, 1st generation
Cefadroxil Cefazolin Cephalexin
Skin and soft tissue infections
Gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea Nausea Allergic reactions
Cephalosporins, 2nd generation
Cefaclor Cefamandole Cephalexin Cefoxitin Cefprozil Cefuroxime
Some respiratory and abdominal infections
Gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea Nausea Allergic reactions
Cephalosporins, 3rd generation
Cefixime Cefdinir Cefditoren Cefoperazone Cefotaxime Cefpodoxime Ceftazidime Ceftibuten Ceftizoxime Ceftriaxone
Broad coverage of many bacteria for people with mild-to-moderate infections (oral) and serious illness (by injection
Gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea Nausea Allergic reactions
Cephalosporins, 4th generation
Cefepime
Serious infections, particularly in people with a weakened immune system
Gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea Nausea Allergic reactions
Macrolides
Azithromycin Clarithromycin Dirithromycin Erythromycin Troleandomycin
Streptococcal infections, syphilis, respiratory infections, myoplasmal infections, Lyme disease
Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea (especially at higher doses) Jaundice
Monobactam
AztreonamInfections caused by gram-negative bacteia
Allergic reacions
Penicillins
Amoxicillin Ampicillin Carbenicillin Cloxacillin Dicloxacillin Nafcillin Oxacillin Penicillin G Penicillin V Piperacillin Ticarcillin
Wide range of infections; penicillin used for streptococcal infections, syphilis, and Lyme disease
Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea Allergy with serious anaphylactic reactions Brain and kidney damage (rare)
Polypeptides
Bacitracin Colistin Polymyxin B
Ear, eye, skin, or bladder infections; usually applied directly to the skin or eye; rarely given by injection
Kidney and nerve damage (when given by injection
Quinolones
Ciprofloxacin Enoxacin Gatifloxacin Levofloxacin Lomefloxacin Moxifloxacin Norfloxacin Ofloxacin Trovafloxacin
Urinary tract infections, bacterial prostatitis, bacterial diarrhea, gonorrhea
Nausea (rare) Nervousness, tremors, seizures Inflammation or rupture of tendons
Sulfonamides
Mafenide Sulfacetamide Sulfamethizole Sulfasalazine Sulfisoxazole Trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole
Urinary tract infections (except sulfasalazine, sulfacetamide, and mafenide); mafenide is used topically for burns
Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea Allergy (including skin rashes) Crystals in urine (rare) Decrease in white blood cell count Sensitivity to sunlight
Tetracyclines
Demeclocycline Doxycycline Minocycline Oxytetracycline Tetracycline
Syphilis, chlamydial infections, Lyme disease, mycoplasmal infections, rickettsial infections
Gastrointestinal upset Sensitivity to sunlight Staining of teeth Potential toxicity to mother and fetus during pregnancy
Miscellaneous antibiotics
ChloramphenicolTyphoid and other Salmonella infections, meningitis
Severe decrease in white blood cell count (rare
ClindamycinStreptococcal and staphyloccocal infections, respiratory infections, lung abscess
Severe diarrhea
EthambutolTuberculosis
Vision disturbances
FosfomycinBladder infections
Diarrhea
IsoniazidTuberculosis
Nausea and vomiting Jaundice
LinezolidSerious infections caused by gram-positive bacteria that are resistant to other antibiotics
Nausea Headache Diarrhea Low platelet count
MetronidazoleVaginitis caused by Trichomonas or Gardnerella; pelvic and abdominal infections
Nausea Headache (especially if taken with alcohol) ****llic taste Dark urine
NitrofurantoinUrinary tract infections
Nausea and vomiting Allergy
PyrazinamideTuberculosis
Liver dysfunction Gout (occasional)
Quinupristin/dalfopristinSerious infections caused by gram-positive bacteria that are resistant to other antibiotics
Aching muscles and joints
Rifampin
Tuberculosis and leprosy
Rash Liver dysfunction Red-orange saliva, sweat, tears, and urine
SpectinomycinGonorrhea
Allergy Fever
VancomycinSerious infections resistant to other antibiotics
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